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Light initiates chloroplast (green plastid) biogenesis by facilitating the assembly of the plastid-encoded RNA polymerase (PEP) complex. Previous genetic study identified NUCLEAR CONTROL OF PEP ACTIVITY (NCP) that is required for the assembly of the PEP complex, although the mechanism is still unknown. I hypothesize that NCP directly interact with components of the PEP complex. We discover that NCP functions as an assembly factor through direct interaction with the core components.